Vulnerable Area Assessment (VAA) in ballistics simulation is a systematic approach used to evaluate and enhance the protection of vehicles or other critical structures against ballistic threats. This method identifies weak points where projectiles are most likely to penetrate and impact critical internal components. The process involves detailed modeling, simulation, and analysis to optimize protection coverage while considering practical constraints.
The process begins with obtaining a vehicle or structure model, either created in-house or provided by the customer. The model includes all relevant components and materials. Protection elements such as panels or liners are then applied to the vehicle. In some cases, the vehicle’s hull alone may provide sufficient protection, eliminating the need for additional shielding. These decisions are made based on an initial assessment.
“The Vulnerable Area Assessment process is essential for systematically identifying weak points in a structure’s protection, allowing us to optimize coverage without overburdening the design with unnecessary weight or material”, states Piotr Tomaszewski – Simulation Specialist.
Defining the Protected Volume
Critical areas within the vehicle are identified as the “protected volume.” These areas include the crew compartment, ammunition storage, fuel tank, and engine compartment. Only these areas are considered in the analysis, as external components like wheels or other non-critical parts are not prioritized for protection. The simulation incorporates detailed material properties for all vehicle components, and a specific threat, such as a projectile type, is defined for testing.
Simulation and Analysis
Simulations are conducted by shooting virtual projectiles at the vehicle from various angles and positions. Each shot calculates the effect on the vehicle, measuring penetration depth and potential damage. Results are visualized using a color-coded system: blue represents strong protection with minimal risk of penetration, green indicates moderate protection, yellow highlights increased vulnerability, and red marks highly vulnerable areas with a high chance of penetration. The transition from blue to red highlights weak spots where projectiles are most likely to penetrate and reach the protected volume. For instance, mounting holes, light fixtures, or panel gaps may appear as red zones in the simulation results.
Identifying Weak Spots and Optimization
The assessment identifies areas with inadequate protection. Small gaps between protection panels, for example, can compromise the overall security of a vehicle. In one case, smaller panels were considered for weight distribution purposes, but the analysis revealed that larger panels provided better coverage and reduced vulnerabilities. The ultimate goal is to achieve at least 90% protection coverage for critical areas. While achieving 100% is often impractical due to design constraints such as doors or access points, the assessment aims to minimize the number of weak spots.
“Through detailed simulations, we can visualize vulnerabilities in a clear, color-coded manner, ensuring that critical areas receive the highest level of protection while addressing potential risks like gaps or mounting holes effectively” states Tomaszewski.
Applications of Vulnerable Area Assessment
Vulnerable Area Assessment can be applied to various structures and systems, including armored vehicles, shelters, and optronic systems. The process evaluates not only major components but also small features like screws, washers, and mounting holes, as these can sometimes compromise protection.
